The Eptapyrgio Fortress, also known by its Ottoman name Yedi Kule, is a historic Byzantine and Ottoman-era fortification situated on the northeastern corner of the Acropolis of Thessaloniki, Greece. Despite its name meaning “Seven Towers,” the fortress actually features ten towers. The name likely originates from the Yedikule Fortress in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul).
🏰 History
- Byzantine Origins: The earliest parts of the fortress date back to the late 4th century during the reign of Roman Emperor Theodosius I. The northern towers and curtain walls are believed to be from this period. The southern portion was likely added in the 12th century, forming a fortified redoubt within the city’s citadel.
- Ottoman Era: After the Ottoman conquest of Thessaloniki in 1430, the fortress was rebuilt by Çavuş Bey, the city’s first Ottoman governor. It served as a military stronghold and residence for the city’s military governor, housing a garrison of about 300 troops. The fortress was later referred to as the “Inner Castle” (Iç Kale) in Ottoman records.
- Prison Use: In the late 19th century, the fortress was converted into a prison. This transformation involved demolishing existing interior buildings and constructing new structures within and outside the fortifications. The prison operated until 1989 and was notorious for housing political prisoners during periods of political unrest, including the Metaxas Regime, the Axis Occupation, the Greek Civil War, and the Regime of the Colonels.
🏛️ Present Day
Today, the Eptapyrgio Fortress stands as a significant historical monument. Restoration and archaeological work began in the 1970s and continue to this day. The fortress is open to the public, offering visitors a glimpse into its rich history and panoramic views of Thessaloniki. Exhibitions within the fortress detail its various uses throughout the centuries, from a military stronghold to a notorious prison.
📍 Visitor Information
- Location: Eptapyrgio Fortress is located in the Ano Poli district of Thessaloniki, easily accessible from the city center.
- Opening Hours: The fortress is typically open daily. It’s advisable to check current visiting hours and any potential entry fees before planning your visit.
- Nearby Attractions: While in the area, visitors can explore the traditional neighborhood of Ano Poli, known for its preserved Ottoman and Byzantine architecture, as well as enjoy local tavernas offering authentic Greek cuisine.
The Eptapyrgio Fortress offers a fascinating journey through Thessaloniki’s layered history, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts and travelers seeking to understand the city’s complex past.
